Abstract
The influence of annealing on 316L stainless steel prepared by hybrid in-situ rolled wire-arc additive manufacturing is investigated. The as-deposited steel consists of austenite and dendritic δ-ferrite phases. Upon increasing the annealing temperature, both the grain size and the type, shape, and content of the second phase undergo complex changes. Particularly, an annealing-induced abnormal strength-ductility synergy is observed after annealing at 1050 ℃. This is primarily attributed to the formation of dispersed and equiaxed σ phases, which not only cause significant strengthening but also inhibit the initiation and coalescence of parallel cracks.
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