Abstract
The effect of the annealing atmosphere (air and oxygen) and temperature on the microstructural and magnetic properties of sol–gel synthesized NiO nanoparticles is investigated. A structural refinement of the X-ray diffraction pattern show an increase in particle size, with a decrease in lattice constant and bond length with increasing annealing temperature. Air annealing leads to a larger variation in sizes as compared to oxygen annealing. For moderate oxygen annealing upto 600 °C, a Ni phase is observed which is almost undetectable for air annealing. Air annealing at 400 °C shows a high concentration of Ni vacancies which reduced with increasing temperature. The colour variation with annealing show the stoichiometric improvement. Magnetic properties are extracted from the law of approach to saturation fit of the magnetic hysteresis curves. The two-magnon mode observed in the Raman spectrum correlates with the antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic transition which can be tailored with the microstructure.
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