Annealing effect on the microstructure of poly(vinyl chloride)

Abstract

AbstractThe effect of annealing on the microstructure of commercial grade poly(vinyl chloride) was investigated by calorimetric, X‐ray and viscoelastic measurements. The degree of crystallinity increases with increasing annealing temperature from above the glass transition temperature up to 130°C, at which point the degree of crystallinity takes on a maximum value. Also, the crystal melting temperature increases with increasing annealing temperature. Thermal analysis and X‐ray study suggest that the crystallite of poly (vinyl chloride) decomposes by thermal degradation when annealed, above 170°C. The isothermal crystallization process is analyzed using Avrami's equation employing the degree of crystallinity as a function of annealing time at various annealing temperatures. The crystallization rate has a maximum value at around 140°C. It is expected that the crystalline texture grows in the shape of a lineal‐like habit, judging from the magnitude of Avrami's constant and from a study of the X‐ray intensity distribution. The αf‐transition was observed to occur at temperatures 5 to 10°C lower than the crystalline melting temperatures for annealed specimens of poly(vinyl chloride) using a dynamic spring analysis. The αf‐transition may be attributed to thermal molecular motions with a long time scale, resulting from the cross‐link points introduced by the small crystallites.