Abstract
Abstract Powders and waveguiding films of europium-doped hafnium oxide (Eu3+:HfO2) are prepared by a sol–gel process. The material is synthesized using hafnium tetra-ethoxide and europium (III) nitrate pentahydrate which are dissolved in ethanol and mixed with acatylacetone. The powders and the films present structural changes depending on Eu3+ concentration and annealing temperature. The monoclinic stable phase appears at low annealing temperatures and is preferentially crystallised for low doping concentrations. The tetragonal phase appears at high annealing temperatures and is the predominant phase for high doping concentrations. Differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the powders and the films.
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