Análisis sistémico del programa de vacunación en Argentina

Abstract

Introduction: The paper discusses the historical evolution and importance of vaccines in public health. The key role of vaccines and drinking water in preventing infectious diseases since the 19th century is highlighted. It mentions how epidemics such as poliomyelitis in Argentina boosted vaccine research and development. In addition, the shared responsibility between scientists, vaccine developers and the population is emphasized, highlighting the importance of public health policies and awareness.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with a systematic review of scientific literature. Sources included data from WHO, the Argentine Ministry of Health, scientific papers, and surveys, with a focus on sociodemographic parameters and living conditions. The analysis focused on a historical-logical approach to interpret the data.Results: The results show significant advances in the Argentine vaccination program, especially in the pediatric population. There was a notable reduction in the number of unvaccinated children from 2021 to 2022, and increases in DTP and HPV vaccine coverage. There was a historic decrease in the incidence of influenza and in the infant mortality rate since 1990. The measles outbreak in 2020 was associated with low vaccination coverage in 2019. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a low post-vaccination infection rate and zero deaths in fully vaccinated individuals. In addition, an increase in life expectancy since 1990 was noted.Conclusions: Vaccines are fundamental in public health, evidenced by the improvement in vaccination coverage and the decrease in the prevalence of infectious diseases and infant mortality in Argentina. Awareness campaigns and public health policies have been crucial. However, misinformation remains a challenge. Global collaboration, such as that of WHO, is key to improving vaccination coverage and addressing emerging challenges such as COVID-19 and Ebola. Immunization remains an essential tool to prevent disease and save lives worldwide.