Análisis filogenético del género Mimon Gray, 1847 (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) con la descripción de un nuevo género

Abstract

Introduction: Mimon is currently considered a monophyletic genus that comprises two subgenera: Mimon (represented by M. bennettii and M. cozumelae ), and the taxon formerly named “ Anthorhina ” (represented by M. crenulatum and M. koepckeae ). However, recent molecular phylogenies show Mimon as a polyphyletic genus within Phyllostomidae. Methods: Herein, we present a phylogenetic approach based on morphology, which includes all species of the genus Mimon , with emphasis on geographical populations of M. crenulatum . Our data matrix was built with our own examination of M. bennetti ( n = 5), M. cozumelae ( n = 31), M. crenulatum ( n = 181), and M. koepckeae ( n = 3) for 91 morphological characters including external, skull-dental and postcraneal traits. The species Lophostoma occidentalis, Trachops cirrhosus, Tonatia saurophila, Phyllostomus discolor , Phylloderma stenops , and Micronycteris megalotis were selected as outgroups. The tree was rooted on M. megalotis . An exhaustive search with 135 unordered characters was performed to find the most parsimonious trees. Results: A single well-supported tree of 306 steps was obtained. Bootstrap and Jacknife with 10,000 resampling were used as support estimators. The most parsimonious tree confirms Mimon is a polyphyletic genus, where the subgenus Mimon and the taxon formerly named “ Anthorhina ” are strongly supported but unrelated monophyletic groups. Discussion and Conclusions: In order to solve this taxonomic problem, we recommend the taxon formerly named “ Anthorhina ” be raised at genus level, but with a new name because “ Anthorhina ” is a synonym of Tonatia . Finally, we provide an emended diagnosis of Mimon s.s. and the description of a new genus, based on morphological characters used for the phylogeny. Key words: Gardnerycteris nov. gen., morphological, maximun parsimony.