Análisis en clave de género de contextos mortuorios en una capital incaica del Collasuyu (Tilcara, Argentina)

Abstract

From a gender perspective and through contextual and bioarchaeological studies of women found in the Pucará de Tilcara, Quebrada de Humahuaca, we propose to analyze and determine differences in social status and funerary practices. The Pucará de Tilcara has a vast collection of human skeletal remains, so far consisting of 227, mostly male, individuals. We analyzed the archaeological contexts of recent systematic excavations and established the sets of remains found in collections, by examining the entry numbers of the museum catalogs. We also estimated sex, age, and signs of the presence of artificial skull deformation. In relation to mortuary practices that can provide information on social divisions between women and men, as we deepened the bioanthropological and archaeological studies of the samples, we understood that there are no marked differences in terms of biological sex or exclusivity in the demarcation of gender. The differences detected in the various types of mortuary treatment occur in both female and male contexts. This first characterization of the type of mortuary treatment once again reflects on the manifestations of gender identity in pre-Hispanic Andean societies. In conclusion, the evidence shows that there was a wide range of forms of positioning within society, both in life and during death, in which pre-Hispanic gender expressions did not occur as it was considered for centuries, that is, as a consequence of a Western imposition.