Abstract
espanolEl analisis del valor, el rediseno de productos y la sustitucion de componentes son actividades claves en el desempeno de las microempresas del sector textil arequipeno; sin embargo, en la practica, no son utilizadas en forma sistemica, realizandose con demoras en el tiempo de ejecucion y deficiencias en los canales de comunicacion, motivacion y creatividad, entre otros, lo que hace que no sean aprovechadas adecuadamente (Chen & Su, 2017; Aminoroaya Yamini, 2016). Un paso previo fundamental para realizar el rediseno de productos y/o la sustitucion de componentes es el analisis del valor, segun la propuesta de Meeker y McWilliams (2011); asi, si los empresarios textiles lo aplicaran de acuerdo a lo que plantea el enfoque de analisis del valor, se podria mejorar la competitividad empresarial del sector.El proposito de la investigacion es demostrar la influencia que tiene el analisis del valor en la utilizacion del rediseno de productos y la sustitucion de componentes, procesos muy usados en este tipo de empresas como parte de su quehacer productivo. Respecto a la metodologia aplicada, se realizo un muestreo por conveniencia —empleando un cuestionario de medicion tipo escala de Likert a 157 microempresarios de la region de Arequipa—, con el cual se obtuvo un nivel de confiabilidad de 0.83. El estudio determino un nivel alto de utilizacion, de por encima del 63%, en el analisis del valor, mientras que el rediseno de productos y la sustitucion de componentes registro una utilizacion media de 52.90%. Adicionalmente, se identifico una influencia del analisis del valor sobre el rediseno de productos y la sustitucion de componentes, en ambos casos con resultados altos encontrados mediante el sistema de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM); y tambien se determino que no existe mediacion del rediseno de productos o la sustitucion de componentes alternadamente. EnglishThe value analysis, redesign and replacement of components are key activities in the performance of microenterprises in the Arequipa textile sector; however, in practice,they are not carried out in a systemic way, taking place with delays in execution time and deficiencies in the communication channels, motivation and creativity, amongothers, which means that they are not used properly (Chen & Su, 2017; Aminoroaya Yamini, 2016). A preliminary step to redesign and/or replace components is the analysis of value, according to the proposal of Meeker and McWilliams (2011); that way, if textile entrepreneurs apply it according to what the value analysis approach raises, the business competitiveness of the sector could be improved. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the influence that value analysis has on the use of redesign and component replacement techniques, widely utilized to the productive work of this type of companies. Regarding the methodology that was applied, it should be mentioned that a sampling was carried out for convenience —using Likert scale measurement questionnaire to 157 microentrepreneurs in the Arequipa region—, and that a reliability level of 0.83 was obtained. The study determined a high level of use of these techniques —above 63%— in the analysis of the value, while the redesign and replacement of components registered an average use of 52.90%. Additionally, an influence of the value analysis on the redesign and replacement of components was identified, in both cases with high results found through the system of structural equations (SEM); and it was also determined that there is no mediation of the redesign or replacement of components in turn.
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