Análisis de relevancia clínica aplicado a 3 métodos de reducción de peso en pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad seguidos durante un año

Abstract

ObjectiveTo analyse the effect of the use/implementation of 3methods to reduce weight in overweight or obese patients during one year of follow up. Material and methodsThe design corresponds to a double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial with 3arms, and 12 months of follow-up.Patients were randomised into 3intervention groups: obesity motivational intervention, with a nurse previously trained in motivational intervention by expert psychologists (G1; n=60); lower intensity consultation, non-motivational group, with digital platform support (G2; N=61), and a third group that received recommendations for weight loss and follow-up in Primary Care Clinic (G3; n=59).Anthropometric variables (weight, height, and abdominal-waist circumference) were measured, and the percentage of patients who managed to reduce their weight ≥5% was considered as the main measurement of treatment effectiveness. ResultsAll groups significantly decreased body weight at the end of the study, with a reduction in G1 (−5.6kg) followed by G2 (−4.3kg), and G3 (−1.7kg), with an overall mean: −3.9kg. The indicators of clinical relevance were in G1/G3: relative risk (RR): 4.99 (95% CI: from 2.71 to 9.18); relative risk reduction (RRR): 399.1% (171.3 to 818.0); Absolute risk reduction (RAR): 65.3% (from 51.5 to 79.1) and NNT: 2 (from 2 to 2). In the G2/G3 groups: RR: 3.01 (from 1.57 to 5.76); RRR: 200.5% (from 57.0 to 475.5); RAR: 32.8% (from 16.9 to 48.7) and NNT: 4 (from 3 to 6). In the G1/G2 groups: RR: 1.66 (from 1.25 to 2.20); RRR: 66.1% (from 25.3 to 120.1); RAR: 32.5% (from 16.6 to 48.4) and NNT: 4 (from 3 to 7). ConclusionsAll 3groups were able to reduce weight. Although the group with motivational intervention achieved the greatest decrease, as well as the most favourable clinical relevance indicators.