Abstract
O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de amônia não ionizada (zero; 0,15; 0,30; 0,50; 1,00 mg L-1 NH3) na histologia e morfologia das brí¢nquias e fígado de juvenis de Bryconops caudomaculatus. Após 96 horas de exposição, os peixes foram anestesiados e submetidos í necropsia para coleta de brí¢nquias e fígado, que foram incluídos em parafina. Alterações morfológicas nas lamelas secundárias das brí¢nquias foram observadas em concentrações a partir de 0,15 mg L-1, como hiperplasia, hipertrofia, deslocamento epitelial, fusão lamelar, edema, aneurisma lamelar com ruptura do epitélio e aumento na largura das lamelas. O fígado apresentou alterações histológicas (congestão nos capilares, processos inflamatórios e pigmentação endógena) na presença de 0,30 mg L-1 de NH3, que comprometeram as funções vitais, o metabolismo, processos de respiração, desintoxicação do organismo, hematopoese e provavelmente a osmorregulação. Os resultados sugerem que as alterações nas brí¢nquias e fígado podem ser usadas para monitorar o desempenho de peixes em cultivo intensivo.
Highlights
The fluctuations in water quality in the environment are caused by the action of rain and organic and inorganic material
Ammonia is a common pollutant on natural water systems (SPENCER et al, 2008) and represents 6080% of nitrogenous waste excreted by fishes (BENLI and KÖKSAL, 2005, BARBIERI and BONDIOLI, 2013)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of ammonia on histology and morphology of gills and liver of juvenile Bryconops caudomaculatus
Summary
The fluctuations in water quality in the environment are caused by the action of rain and organic and inorganic material. Changes in the aquatic environment directly affect fish health and even small changes are enough to trigger stressful stimuli in animals (RANDALL and TSUI, 2002; PEREIRA and MERCANTE, 2005). Ammonia is a common pollutant on natural water systems (SPENCER et al, 2008) and represents 6080% of nitrogenous waste excreted by fishes (BENLI and KÖKSAL, 2005, BARBIERI and BONDIOLI, 2013). Considering the variables that affect the water quality, the level of ammonia is described as one of the most limiting factors for the survival and growth of aquatic organisms. If present in high concentrations, it inhibits the growth of aquatic animals, besides promoting changes in their blood and in several vital organs, namely, gills, kidneys and liver (SAHA et al, 2002; WRIGHT and WOOD, 2012; FERREIRA et al, 2013)
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