Abstract
This research address a geochemical analysis groundwater in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brasil, showing the correlation between the various chemical types and lithotypes of area. Were used 291 samples collected in the period from 2001 to 2011 for physical and chemical analyzes. There is a predominance of Sodic chlorinated waters, resulting from the relative rNa> rMg> rCa and rCl> HCO 3 > rSO 4 . The pH in the waters are predominantly acidic, probably associated with the geological environment (Barriers) and the rainfall recharge. The nitrate grows toward northwest-north, reflecting (probably) the effect of anthropogenic actions caused by concentration of the population in the districts Joao Arruda (sector northwest) and Cristo Redentor (northern sector). The amount of chlorides and STD increase punctually at northern portion (Neighborhood Cristo Redentor and Pirambu), northwest (Neighborhood Dionisio Torres) and the south (Neighborhoods Passare and Barroso), during the rainy season, and southwest (Neighborhoods Parangaba and Bom Jardim) during the dry season, which can be produced by several factors, and the more likely the dissolution and the evaporation process. In the first case, the concentration by dissolution in groundwater tends to achieve a balance with the rocks that are in contact, and the slower the movement is greater than the time of contact, therefore, the greater will be the increase in total concentration of salts in the water of the aquifer; the second process is influenced mainly by the weather, it can check the appearance of higher concentrations of salts in the regions of hot and dry climates. From ionic relations of groundwater, it can be seen that rMg +2 /rCa +2 with predominance of values greater than 1.258 meq/L (63%), indicating the association of silicates magnesianos present in lithotypes of area. The relation rK + /rNa + showed values between 0.009 and 0.840 meq/L, principally resulting from the setting of K + in clay minerals. The waters of Fortress are predominantly Chlorinated and Sodic, independent of the sampling period.
Highlights
This research address a geochemical analysis groundwater in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, showing the correlation between the various chemical types and lithotypes of area
As 291 amostras de água subterrânea analisadas são caracterizadas pela predominância do tipo ácida (81%); sendo 74% (57 amostras) e 83% (234 amostras) são na estação chuvosa e na de estiagem, respectivamente
De acordo com a classificação iônica, tem-se, no período chuvoso, a predominância de águas Cloretadas (86%) Sódicas (67%), seguidas das Mistas (14%) e Mistas (33%); no período de estiagem, as águas foram classificadas predominantemente como Cloretadas (81%) Sódicas (77%), seguidas das Mistas (15%) Mistas (23%) e Bicarbonatadas (4%)
Summary
A área de pesquisa localiza-se na cidade de Fortaleza, entre as coordenadas UTM: 9570000 a 9592000 Norte e 540000 a 567000 Leste. O Aquífero Barreiras possui grande variação de fácies, espessura de sedimentos entre 20 e 60 m e apresenta intercalações diferenciadas de leitos síltico-argiloarenosos que condicionam este aquífero a ter diferentes parâmetros hidrodinâmicos (Permeabilidade, porosidade e transmissividade), tanto vertical quanto horizontalmente, com os níveis arenosos representando os principais em termos de vocação aquífera. Os sedimentos aluvionares são geralmente porosos, permeáveis, de pequenas e médias espessuras, com nível estático em torno de 2 metros e profundidade moderada, onde a máxima é de 15 metros. No Aquífero fraturado (Cristalino), os poços tem uma profundidade predominantemente de 50 a 60m, podendo atingir até 80m; o nível estático localiza-se entre 1,0 a 15 m e o rebaixamento entre 5 e 35 m; as vazões são em torno de 2 m3/h e a capacidade especifica é predominantemente inferior a 1,00 [(m3/h)/m]
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