Abstract
Análise comparativa das alterações nos fluxos de tensão do joelho nas próteses totais e unicompartimentais cimentadas. Estudo experimental em dez cadáveres humanos. Os autores comparam as alterações nos fluxos de tensão do fêmur distal e da tíbia proximal provocadas pelas próteses total e unicompartimental cimentadas do joelho, por meio de extensometria elétrica em 10 cadáveres humanos. Utilizam um dispositivo mecânico para adaptação das peças anatômicas à máquina de ensaios mecânicos Kratos 5002. Concluem: 1) A prótese total do joelho mantém o padrão de distribuição das cargas no terço distal do fêmur; 2) A prótese unicompartimental aumenta as tensões de compressão na cortical medial e as tensões de tração na cortical lateral do terço distal do fêmur; 3) Os componentes tibiais (parcial medial e total) aumentam, da mesma forma, as tensões de compressão na cortical póstero-medial da tíbia.
Highlights
A função do joelho pode ser gravemente afetada por processos inflamatórios ou degenerativos
As regards the total prosthesis, we chose the type that preserves the posterior crossed ligament because it is the most frequently used prosthesis and because it changes less the bone depot of the femoral distal point, being less differentiated from the unicompartmental prosthesis than the total prosthesis, that replaces the posterior crossed ligament. By choosing this type of total prosthesis, we have introduced fewer variables in our comparison
Como o componente tibial da prótese unicomparti- of support for the side border of the prosthesis could cause the mental apoia-se nas corticais medial, posteromedial e antero- subsidence of its tibial component, impairing its results. This medial, enquanto que a sua bordoes not occur with the total da lateral apoia-se em osso esprosthesis because, besides geponjoso, o aumento das tensões nerating fewer strains in the disno compartimento medial e a faltal third of the femur, this type of ta de apoio da borda lateral da prosthesis places its tibial comprótese poderiam ocasionar o ponent on the whole perimeter of afundamento do seu componenthe tibial cortical, besides the fact te tibial, comprometendo os that the intramedullary stem acts seus resultados
Summary
Load transfer changes on cemented total and unicompartmental knee prosthesis. The authors compare the load transfer changes on the distal femur and proximal tibia due to cemented total and unicompartmental knee prosthesis under compressive load-bearing on ten human cadavers employing strain gauges and a Kratos 5002 stress-testing system. The conclusions were: 1) The Total knee prosthesis does not alter the load transfer on the distal femur; 2) The unicompartmental knee prosthesis increases the compression load on the femoral medial cortex and increases the strain tension loads on the femoral lateral cortex; 3) The tibial components (partial medial and total) increase the compression strain tension on the postero-medial cortex of the tibia. Descritores: Artroplastia do Joelho; Prótese do joelho; Fêmur
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