Abstract
Ankle impingement is a syndrome that encompasses a wide range of anterior and posterior joint pathology involving both osseous and soft tissue abnormalities. In this review, the etiology, pathoanatomy, diagnostic workup, and treatment options for both anterior and posterior ankle impingement syndromes are discussed.
Highlights
Impingement syndromes in the ankle include a broad spectrum of pathology with varying etiologies, anatomic features, and presentations
Etiology and pathoanatomy Anterior impingement Anterior ankle impingement generally refers to entrapment of structures along the anterior margin of the tibiotalar joint in terminal dorsiflexion
Multiple studies have examined the prevalence of associated anterior impingement lesions at the time of arthroscopy in patients undergoing stabilization procedures for lateral ankle instability
Summary
Impingement refers to abnormal entrapment or contact of structures resulting in pain or restricted motion. Anterolateral, anteromedial, posterior, posteromedial, posterolateral, and syndesmotic impingements have been described [1, 2]. These pathologies are generally grouped into anterior and posterior impingement syndromes for simplicity. While anatomists and surgeons have long recognized structures at risk for compression, such as the os trigonum, the operative treatment of posterior impingement was not reported until 1982 when Howse described treating a “posterior block of the ankle joint” in a population of elite dancers [4]. Ankle impingement is an increasingly recognized cause of symptoms in an athletic population as our understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and presentation continues to evolve. Recent advancements in diagnostic and treatment techniques aim to improve outcomes
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