Abstract
Basic features of directed and elliptic flows of identified hadrons in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate and high energies are considered within two transport string models, UrQMD and QGSM. Both models indicate changing of the sign of proton directed flow at midrapidity from antiflow to normal flow with decreasing energy of collisions. The origin of this effect is traced to hadron rescattering in baryon-rich remnants of the colliding nuclei. To distinguish the effect of rescattering from the flow softening caused by creation of quark-gluon plasma one has to compare heavy-ion and light-ion collisions at the same energy. Both directed and elliptic flows at midrapidity are formed within t = 10-12 fm/c. The differences in the development of elliptic flows of mesons and baryons are found at high energies. These differences can be explained by dissimilar freeze-out conditions, thus suggesting simultaneous study of particle collective flow and freeze-out.
Highlights
The expansion of hadrons, produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, in transverse and longitudinal directions was considered as a collective effect about four decades ago [1, 2] within the hydrodynamic model
The flow was found to be very sensitive to the equation of state (EOS) of the expanding matter
The collective flow was decomposed into the bounce-off flow elongated within the reaction plane, and the squeeze-out flow, which was orthogonal to the reaction plane
Summary
The expansion of hadrons, produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, in transverse and longitudinal directions was considered as a collective effect about four decades ago [1, 2] within the hydrodynamic model. This phenomenon is colloquially known nowadays as a collective flow. The collective flow was decomposed into the bounce-off flow elongated within the reaction plane, and the squeeze-out flow, which was orthogonal to the reaction plane. Our present study focuses on properties of the directed and elliptic flows tween Elab = 11.6 of charged and ide√ntified particles in heavy-ion collisions at AGeV (AGS) and s =√ 200 GeV (RHIC). We start with the discussion of basic features of directed flow
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