Anisotropic Thermal and Chemical Expansion in Sr-Substituted LaMnO3+δ: Implications for Chemical Strain Relaxation

Abstract

The anisotropic thermal and chemical expansion of rhombohedral (R3̅c) La1–xSrxMnO3+δ (x = 0.2, 0.3) was investigated by in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction of submicrometer size powders in pure oxygen and nitrogen (inert) atmospheres. The thermal expansion of the long axis c was found to be close to twice as high as the thermal expansion of the short axis a. The large thermal expansion of the c-axis is caused by rectification of the antiferrodistortive tilting and decompression of the MnO6/2 octahedra. The unit cell parameters were shown to be strongly dependent on the partial pressure of oxygen, which was attributed to chemical expansion/contraction due to reduction/oxidation of Mn. Anisotropic chemical expansion/contraction was more pronounced for the unit cell parameter a than for c, and the chemical expansion/contraction was inferred to reflect the size of the MnO6/2 octahedra. The onset of chemical expansion in nitrogen and contraction in oxygen atmosphere during heating was discussed in terms of a gradual transformation from a nonequilibrium to an equilibrium point defect population in La1–xSrxMnO3+δ. Possible implications of slow relaxation of chemically induced stresses at the nanoscale and in epitaxial thin films are addressed. Finally, a second order phase transition from the ferroelastic (R3̅c) to paraelastic state (Pm3̅m) is reported for La0.7Sr0.3MnO3+δ at 850 ± 25 °C. The temperature of the phase transition decreases with increasing Sr content in La1–xSrxMnO3+δ.