Abstract
We investigate the anisotropic magnetoelectric(ME) characteristics for the five-layer magnetization-graded multiferroic composites(MGMC). The magnetic anisotropy and corresponding anisotropic magnetomechanical effect, demagnetization effect and magneto-mechanical damping’s dependence on magnetic field direction result in an obvious anisotropic ME coupling effect. The experimental results show that ME voltage coefficient in H33 mode is remarkably larger than the other ones (H11, H31 and H13) over the whole Hdc range. Correspondingly, ∂VME/∂Hdc arrives about 420mV/Oe at an optimum bias magnetic field of 46Oe, which is approximately 40 times larger than that of the previous reported composite. Furthermore, it also demonstrates an obvious angular dependence on dc magnetic field. Taking advantage of these specifications, the MGMC can be used to detect weak dc magnetic field and its spatial orientation.
Highlights
Since the significant magnetoelectric (ME) effect for multiferroic composite materials as a strong function of dc magnetic field is observed, that makes them as potential applications in new multifunctional devices, such as magnetic field sensors, energy harvesters and memory devices.[1,2,3,4,5,6]
The magnetization-graded multiferroic composites (MGMC) is found to have an ultra-high sensitivity to dc magnetic field variations
The anisotropic ME characteristics attribute to the magnetic anisotropy and anisotropic magneto-mechanical effect, demagnetization effect and magneto-mechanical damping
Summary
Since the significant magnetoelectric (ME) effect for multiferroic composite materials as a strong function of dc magnetic field is observed, that makes them as potential applications in new multifunctional devices, such as magnetic field sensors, energy harvesters and memory devices.[1,2,3,4,5,6] these reported multiferroic composite materials in literature require dc bias field Hdc to invoke the piezomagnetic effect so as to obtain a large ME sensitivity. Magnetic field Hdc superimposed with an ac magnetic field Hac. it is considerable important to investigate the ME behaviors’ dependence on the variously possible ac and dc magnetic field directions for MGMC, especially for the applications of dc magnetic sensor.
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