Abstract
This paper presents an improved soil model based on anisotropic critical state theory (ACST) and bounding surface plasticity. The ACST of Dafalias was extended into 3-D stress space. In addition to the isotropic hardening rule, rotational and distortional hardening rules were incorporated into the bounding surface formulation with an associated flow rule. The projection center that is used to map the actual stress point to the imaginary stress point was specified along the K-sub-0 line instead of the hydrostatic line or at the origin of the stress space. A simplified form of plastic modulus was used and the proposed model requires a total of 12 material parameters, the same number as that of the single-ellipse time-independent version of the Kaliakin--Dafalias model. The model was validated against the undrained isotropic and anisotropic triaxial test results under compression and extension shearing modes for Kaolin Clay, San Francisco Bay Mud, and Boston Blue Clay. The effects of stress anisotropy and overconsolidation were well captured by the model. The time effect was not included in formulations presented here.
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