Anionic graft polymerization of methacrylonitrile on potassium starch alkoxide

Abstract

AbstractThe anionic graft polymerization of methacrylonitrile on potassium starch alkoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide was studied. Factors affecting the graft polymerization such as monomer and alkoxide concentrations as well as temperature were investigated. The yield of the graft polymers was found to increase with alkoxide concentration, and it was possible to incorporate all the starch into graft polymer. On increasing the monomer concentration the graft polymer yield increased to a flat maximum. At the higher monomer concentrations, the efficiency of monomer in giving graft polymer decreased due to increased homopolymer formation. The composition of the graft polymers varied with increasing monomer concentration, graft polymers having about 40–65% of grafted starch were obtained. With increasing temperature (10 to 60°C), the yield of graft polymer decreased, there was more homopolymerization, but the amount of starch incorporated in the graft remained constant. The structure of the graft polymers was deduced from hydrolysis of the starch backbone of the graft polymers by dilute mineral acid and the determination of the molecular weights of the grafted side chains, and from oxidation by periodic acid, which showed the extent of grafting at the secondary hydroxyl groups. These results have shown that by anionic graft polymerization it is possible to obtain graft polymers having more densely packed grafted side chains of relatively low molecular weights than those obtained previously by free‐radical graft polymerization.