Abstract
Zn batteries are considered as potential candidates in future power sources, however suffer problems of rampant dendrite/by-product on Zn anodes, torpid Zn2+ transfer/diffusion and poor energy density. Inspired by the host-guest interaction chemistry, an anion-trap agent β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is introduced into the Zn(ClO4 )2 electrolyte to induce dominant Zn (002) deposition and improve Zn2+ migration behaviors. The anion ClO4 - is revealed to be trapped inside the cavity of β-CD, impairing barriers for Zn2+ migration and significantly elevating the Zn2+ transference number to 0.878. Meanwhile, the β-CD@ClO4 - complex shows the function in preferential growth of the Zn (002), blocking the approach of dendrite growth. Above combined functions lead to substantial enhancement in long-term stability and cell capacity, as proved by 10 times longer life of Zn||Zn symmetric cells and 57 % capacity increasement of Zn-MnO2 full cells (at 0.1 A g-1 ) compared with that of pure Zn(ClO4 )2 electrolyte.
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