Abstract
Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) are clean energy conversion devices that are an attractive alternative to the more common proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), because they present, among others, the advantage of not using noble metals like platinum as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. The interest in this technology has increased exponentially over the recent years. Unfortunately, the low durability of anion exchange membranes (AEM) in basic conditions limits their use on a large scale. We present in this review composite AEM with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional fillers, an approach commonly used to enhance the fuel cell performance and stability. The most important filler types, which are discussed in this review, are carbon and titanate nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide, layered double hydroxides, silica and zirconia nanoparticles. The functionalization of the fillers is the most important key to successful property improvement. The recent progress of mechanical properties, ionic conductivity and FC performances of composite AEM is critically reviewed.
Highlights
The anion exchange membranes (AEM) are the central element of many technologically relevant devices [1–3], first and foremost alkaline membrane fuel cells (FC) [4–6].These fuel cells can significantly reduce the amount of noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and may represent the future of FC development
One of the itself, obtaining the typical cylindrical structure. They can be divided into two types: first examples of composite with Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and MWCNT was reported by Pan et al in 2011 (a) SWCNT (Single‐Walled Carbon NanoTubes) consist of a single graphitic sh and applied in direct methanol alkaline fuel cells (DMAFC)
One of the f examples of composite with PVA and MWCNT was reported by Pan et al in 2011 a applied in direct methanol alkaline fuel cells (DMAFC)
Summary
The anion exchange membranes (AEM) are the central element of many technologically relevant devices [1–3], first and foremost alkaline membrane fuel cells (FC) [4–6]. Organic functionalization is the key to obtaining high ionic an increase in mechanical properties is expected. Composites, especially with functionalized graphene extremely resistant and at the same time present great flexibility. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) can mitigate the loss of hydroxide ion conductivity, being themselves anion conducting materials They can improve the mechanical properties even at 100% RH. The second type of matrix are ionomers that present an intrinsic ionic conductivity They include fluorinated and hydrocarbon polymers, especially commercial, inexpensive aromatic polymers such as poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and polysulfone (PSU). We cover in this review ionic conductivity, mechanical properties and device performance, especially in fuel cells. Several tables in the manuscript summarize information on the reviewed AEM
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