Animal Wearables and the Transformation of Movement Ecology Through IoT

Abstract

The transformative power of the Internet of Things (IoT) has reached the realms of movement ecology, revolutionizing the ways in which we monitor and understand animal movement patterns. This paper delves into the emergence and impact of animal wearables, devices equipped with advanced sensors that collect real-time data on an animal's location, physiological status, and surrounding environment. Historically, tracking animal movement relied heavily on manual methods, such as visual observations and rudimentary tagging. With the advent of IoT, these methods have evolved to incorporate real-time monitoring, improved accuracy, and the simultaneous tracking of multiple animals. Through a series of case studies, we highlight the novel insights into the behavior of migratory birds, marine life, and terrestrial mammals provided by IoT-enhanced wearables. Despite their evident advantages, these wearables also present challenges, from data management issues to concerns about animal welfare and data privacy. Looking forward, the potential for miniaturization, integration with AI, and enhanced connectivity promises even more refined tools for movement ecology research. This paper underscores the profound influence of IoT on movement ecology, heralding a new era of informed conservation and ecological understanding.