Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy increasing with the severity of the head injury. Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is defined as a recurrent seizure disorder secondary to trauma to the brain and has been described as one of the most devastating complications associated with TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury). The goal of this review is to characterize current animal models of PTE and provide succinct protocols for the development of each of the currently available animal models. The development of translational and effective animal models for post-traumatic epilepsy is critical in both elucidating the underlying pathophysiology associated with PTE and providing efficacious clinical breakthroughs in the management of PTE.
Highlights
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with an estimated annual incidence of 69 million individuals worldwide [1]
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a recurrent seizure disorder, secondary to trauma to the brain tissue, and is one of the most devastating complications associated with traumatic brain injury, with the cumulative incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy ranging widely from 2% to >50% depending on the severity of the injury
Researchers have classified post-traumatic epilepsy into the following categories: (1) Immediate seizures, usually defined as those occurring within 24 h after initial injury, (2) early seizures, usually defined as those that occur less than one week after initial injury and (3) late seizures, usually defined as those that occur more than one week after initial injury [2,3]
Summary
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with an estimated annual incidence of 69 million individuals worldwide [1]. Researchers have classified post-traumatic epilepsy into the following categories: (1) Immediate seizures, usually defined as those occurring within 24 h after initial injury, (2) early seizures, usually defined as those that occur less than one week after initial injury and (3) late seizures, usually defined as those that occur more than one week after initial injury [2,3]. It is well-established that the incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy increases with the severity of traumatic brain injury [2,4]. This review will focus on the current various animal models available in translational research of post-traumatic epilepsy
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