Animal Models of Kidney Diseases

Abstract

Kidney diseases can be devastating illnesses with a high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of end-stage renal failure is increasing at a rate of 6–8% annually worldwide. Animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms governing the onset and progression of various kidney diseases and for preclinically testing novel, more effective, treatments for the patients afflicted with renal impairment. Despite the presence of several nonrodent models, rats and mice remain principal and indispensable species used by investigators in the field of nephrology. In this chapter, we provide a concise review of the most commonly used kidney disease models. Emphasis is placed on several well-established models, such as the ischemic/reperfusion acute renal failure model, remnant kidney model, and unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Undoubtedly, establishment of authentic animal models is of vital importance in delineating the mechanisms of a range of human kidney diseases and in evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of novel therapeutic interventions.