Abstract
Animal models have been used in experimental research to increase human knowledge and contribute to finding solutions to biological and biomedical questions. However, increased concern for the welfare of the animals used, and a growing awareness of the concept of animal rights, has brought a greater focus on the related ethical issues. In this review, we intend to give examples on how animals are used in the health research related to some major health problems in Brazil, as well as to stimulate discussion about the application of ethics in the use of animals in research and education, highlighting the role of National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (Conselho Nacional de Controle de Experimentação Animal - CONCEA) in these areas. In 2008, Brazil emerged into a new era of animal research regulation, with the promulgation of Law 11794, previously known as the Arouca Law, resulting in an increased focus, and rapid learning experience, on questions related to all aspects of animal experimentation. The law reinforces the idea that animal experiments must be based on ethical considerations and integrity-based assumptions, and provides a regulatory framework to achieve this. This review describes the health research involving animals and the current Brazilian framework for regulating laboratory animal science, and hopes to help to improve the awareness of the scientific community of these ethical and legal rules.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONEvidence shows that even in ancient Greece, Aristotle used animals in his studies, mainly to advance the understanding of living animals
Animals have been used in studies and research for millennia in human history
There is a dichotomy in the use of animals in translational research, especially research encompassing behavioral aspects: some studies produce promising results that could be applied to humans, while others fail to demonstrate any similarity between the animal model and the human condition
Summary
Evidence shows that even in ancient Greece, Aristotle used animals in his studies, mainly to advance the understanding of living animals 19th centuries that the development of animal models expanded, with many scientists, such as Jean Baptiste Van Helmont, Francesco Redi, John Needham, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Lavoisier and Pasteur, conducting animal experiments to study the origin of life (Oparin 1957). In addition to being used to investigate the basic principles of life, animals were used to develop a better understanding of animal and human anatomy, physiology, pathology and pharmacology. The possibility of experimenting under controlled situations and mimicking biological conditions
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