Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a health threat to the global population. Anti-TB drugs and vaccines are key approaches for TB prevention and control. TB animal models are basic tools for developing biomarkers of diagnosis, drugs for therapy, vaccines for prevention and researching pathogenic mechanisms for identification of targets; thus, they serve as the cornerstone of comparative medicine, translational medicine, and precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the current use of TB animal models and their problems, as well as offering perspectives on the future of these models.
Highlights
The number of tuberculosis (TB) patients has been increasing, and in recent years TB became the leading cause of death around the world
Anti-TB drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic reagents are essential tools for TB prevention and control, TB animal models have been widely used for development of these tools, as well as for research on pathogenic mechanisms of TB, constituting 35% TB-related research found in the NCBI database
We review the current use of TB animal models in medical research, as well as problems, progress, and perspectives associated with them
Summary
The number of tuberculosis (TB) patients has been increasing, and in recent years TB became the leading cause of death around the world. Each model mimics one or more features of human TB, including clinical signs, pathological changes, bacteria loads in organs, disease progressions or immunological parameters (Rodgers et al, 2007; Waters et al, 2011; Clark et al, 2015; Myllymaki et al, 2015; Peng et al, 2015; Provan and Newland, 2015; Kramnik and Beamer, 2016; Phuah et al, 2016). Mouse active TB model is suitable for rapid anti-TB chemical drugs evaluation, due to the homogeneous pathological change and bacteria burden; guinea pig presents sensitive immune response when infection, it is a good model for anti-TB vaccine evaluation; monkey TB model has similar clinical signs and classic granulomas structure to that of patient, it is priority for mechanisms of disease research. Research on mechanisms of TB tuberculosis infection
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