Abstract
The human is a complex organism, so if translational research is conducted, it should similarly mimic that complexity. Model systems comprise mathematical, computational, in silico, ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo models in cancer research. Alternative model selections are the best practice for the reduction of experimental animal usage. The aim of animal usage in cancer research is to well-understand the physiopathology of different types of cancer, from genomics/proteomics to metabolomics levels, to screen the behaviors of the cancer cells in living organisms, and the efficiency of the treatment methods that mirror precision medical areas. Various animals can be used as model organisms. The most important point in experimental animal usage is ethics. This chapter will primarily focus on the fundamentals of the model systems with the comparisons of in silico and in vitro as alternatives to animal models. Then, the chapter will discuss the in vivo models with ethical issues of animal experimentation, the R principles, and the selection of the suitable animal models in cancer research.KeywordsAnimalCancerHumanizedOncologyIn vivo3R
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