Abstract
A descriptive study was conducted using secondary surveillance data of animal anthrax from the Epidemiology Unit of Department of Livestock Services (DLS) for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern of animal anthrax in Sirajgong district of Bangladesh from 2010 to 2012 and to assess the current use of anthrax vaccine (Vaccine Coverage) based on animal, time and place. The study found that the disease was more prevalent in this district at the beginning of the early monsoon (Month of May, June when flood water enters) and the late monsoon (Month of September, October, when flood water recedes). Cattle were the predominant animal species affected with anthrax in this district followed by goats and sheep. The overall mean case fatality rate was 30.19%. The numbers of reported anthrax outbreaks in cattle had declined each year with 111 in 2010, 32 in 2011 and 20 in 2012. The annual mean vaccination coverage during the same years was 44.29%, 46.23% and 37.88% respectively. To reduce the number of outbreaks in animals and humans in Sirajganj district the annual vaccination coverage requires improvement. Behavior change through building greater awareness of anthrax is also needed at the farmer level for control and eradication of anthrax in animals as well as human.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 387-395
Highlights
Animal anthrax or ‘Torka’ has been considered to be enzootic for long in Bangladesh
The objective of this study is to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of animal anthrax along with vaccine coverage in Sirajganj district during the period 2010-2012
Temporal pattern of anthrax outbreaks in 2010 One hundred eleven cases of animal anthrax were detected in the year 2010.The mean of number of monthly anthrax cases was 9.25; median 2; within a range of 0 to 59 cases
Summary
Animal anthrax or ‘Torka’ has been considered to be enzootic for long in Bangladesh. It emerged as a zoonotic disease in this country during 2009-2010 (Ahmed et al, 2010). Anthrax was periodically reported both in animals and humans in between 1949 and 1986. Anthrax outbreaks have continued to be reported from different areas of the country both animal and human (Samad et al.,1986 , Ahmed et al, 2010). Anthrax infection among livestock in Bangladesh has been reported routinely in accordance with standards set by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE, 2010).
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