Abstract
Animal and clinical studies were performed to determine whether Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners with increased sweetness contributed to blood glucose elevations. In the animal study, male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) received an oral load of 2 g of glucose or Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners per kilogram of body weight. Thirty minutes after the glucose load, the rat blood glucose levels in the Palatinose-based alternative sweetener groups were significantly lower than those in the glucose groups (p < 0.05). Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners significantly improved glucose tolerance in rats. However, significant differences in the blood glucose levels were not observed among the Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners. In the clinical study, 14 healthy volunteers (21.4 ± 1.3 years) consumed glucose or Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners (50 g). At 60 min, when Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners were ingested, blood glucose was significantly lower compared to when glucose was ingested (Palatinose-L, 123.1 mg/dL; Palatinose-IS, 125.9 mg/dL; Palatinose-FOS. 129.1 mg/dL vs. glucose, 154.8 mg/dL, p < 0.05). The glycaemic index of Palatinose-L, Palatinose-IS and Palatinose-FOS was 43.9, 58.1, and 49.2, respectively. Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners could help maintain health as the postprandial blood glucose levels are constantly maintained owing to slow hydrolysis.
Highlights
Palatinose is a disaccharide carbohydrate comprising glucose and fructose manufactured by the enzymatic rearrangement of sucrose from cane sugar
The rat blood glucose levels observed in the Palatinose-based alternative sweetener groups were significantly lower than those in the glucose groups 30 min after the glucose load (p < 0.05)
After 120 min, the blood glucose levels in the Palatinose-based alternative sweetener groups returned to the levels observed in the fasting state; the blood glucose levels in glucose group remained elevated compared to those in the fasting state
Summary
Palatinose is a disaccharide carbohydrate comprising glucose and fructose (chemical name: 6-0-αD-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose) manufactured by the enzymatic rearrangement of sucrose from cane sugar. In 1980, Palatinose was first commercialized as a sweetener by the Japanese. Unlike xylitol and sorbitol, which are both sugar alcohols, Palatinose is completely hydrolysed by disaccharidase in the human small intestine, demonstrating no side effects such as flatulence or diarrhea after intake of large quantities [1, 2]. Palatinose tastes and appears similar to sucrose and is used as a sucrose substitute in most sweetened food products [3, 4]. The energy supply from Palatinose attenuates blood glucose levels in the body [4]. The hydrolysis and absorption of Palatinose is slow as reflected by the low blood glucose levels and the steady rise in the blood glucose response, corresponding with a low
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