Abstract
Prospective, population-based surveillance to systematically ascertain exposures to food production animals or their environments among Minnesota residents with sporadic, domestically acquired, laboratory-confirmed enteric zoonotic pathogen infections was conducted from 2012 through 2016. Twenty-three percent (n = 1708) of the 7560 enteric disease cases in the study reported an animal agriculture exposure in their incubation period, including 60% (344/571) of Cryptosporidium parvum cases, 28% (934/3391) of Campylobacter cases, 22% (85/383) of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 cases, 16% (83/521) of non-O157 STEC cases, 10% (253/2575) of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica cases and 8% (9/119) of Yersinia enterocolitica cases. Living and/or working on a farm accounted for 61% of cases with an agricultural exposure, followed by visiting a private farm (29% of cases) and visiting a public animal agriculture venue (10% of cases). Cattle were the most common animal type in agricultural exposures, reported by 72% of cases. The estimated cumulative incidence of zoonotic enteric infections for people who live and/or work on farms with food production animals in Minnesota during 2012-2016 was 147 per 10 000 population, vs. 18.5 per 10 000 for other Minnesotans. The burden of enteric zoonoses among people with animal agriculture exposures appears to be far greater than previously appreciated.
Highlights
Food-production animals are a well-known source of zoonotic enteric pathogens, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium parvum, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)
This study focused on cases with Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium parvum, NTS, STEC O157, non-O157 STEC and Yersinia enterocolitica infections with specimen collection dates during 2012–2016
From 2012 through 2016, 12121 laboratory-confirmed infections of Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, NTS, STEC O157, non-O157 STEC and Yersinia enterocolitica were reported to Minnesota Department of Health (MDH)
Summary
Food-production animals are a well-known source of zoonotic enteric pathogens, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium parvum, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). This has been demonstrated in numerous outbreaks associated with agricultural settings and in case-control studies of sporadic infections with these pathogens [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. In the United States, the 2008 National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing included surveillance to describe the nature and extent of occupational illnesses as a top priority in its first Strategic Goal [16]. The 2018 NORA for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing reiterated the need for improved surveillance, and called for research to better describe animal exposures and associated zoonotic infections [17]
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