Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the difference in anhedonia between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder II (BD-II), and attempt to distinguish the two diseases through Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS).MethodsA total of 164 drug-free depressive patients (98 MDD patients, 66 BD-II patients) completed the investigation. 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and SHAPS were assessed in all participants.ResultsOur results showed that BD-II patients had higher SHAPS scores than MDD patients. The stepwise logistic regression analysis further revealed that SHAPS score, drinking habit, and extroversion as influencing factors for the identification of BD-II. The ROC curve analysis indicated that SHAPS could differentiate BD-II from MDD patients (AUC = 0.655, P = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.568 to 0.742), with the best screening cutoff at 26, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity was 0.788 and 0.520, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that BD-II patients had more severe anhedonia compared to MDD patients, and the difference in anhedonia may help clinicians preliminary identify BD patients from MDD patients. The preliminary findings are worthly of further exploration.

Highlights

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are both prevalent and debilitating mood disorders [1], which cause a large burden of disease to the family and society across the world [2, 3]

  • Our results showed that Bipolar Disorder II (BD-II) patients had more severe anhedonic symptoms than MDD patients (t = 3.522, P = 0.001)

  • Our stepwise logistic regression analysis further revealed that Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) score (β = 0.108, Wald X2 = 12.031, P = 0.001), drinking habit (β = 1.214, Wald X2 = 8.422, P = 0.004) and extroversion (β = − 0.416, Wald X2 = 5.104, P = 0.024) as important influencing factors for the identification of BD-II

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Summary

Introduction

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are both prevalent and debilitating mood disorders [1], which cause a large burden of disease to the family and society across the world [2, 3]. Identification of reliable tools and biomarkers for accurate differential diagnosis of MDD and BD is of enormous clinical importance. Distinct gut microbes, brain structure and functions evaluated by electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were all used to classify BD and MDD patients [6, 9, 16]. These findings were poorly repeated by other studies and are still many years away from use in hospitals and clinics

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