Angular Photogrammetric Analysis of the Soft Tissue Facial Profile of Anatolian Turkish Adults

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish norms of photogrammetric soft tissue profile analysis for Anatolian Turkish adults. Standardized right lateral facial photographs of 111 Anatolian Turks (64 females, 47 males) with class I skeletal pattern were taken. Age range was 21 to 40 years. Descriptive statistics for 8 angular measurements were computed. Male and female values were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for repeated measurements. Intraobserver reliability of the photogrammetric measurements was quite high with 6 measurements having ICCs above 95% and the other 2 measurements having ICCs of 77% and 87%. Sexual dimorphism was found for 4 measurements: Nasofacial (G-Pog/N-Prn: P < 0.001) and middle facial height (N-Trg_Sn: P < 0.05) angles were higher in men, whereas nasal (N-Prn-Sn: P < 0.01) and nasolabial (Cm-Sn-Ls: P < 0.05) angles were higher in women. Nasofrontal (G-N-Prn), nasal (N-Prn-Sn), and nasolabial (Cm-Sn-Ls) angles revealed large individual variations.