Abstract
This work studies the behavior of angular momentum of highly confined optical modes in a channel waveguide, in which the influence of transverse confinement is characterized by the average transverse wavevectors
Highlights
Light possesses a set of dynamical characteristics of energy, momentum, and angular momentum (AM) [1]
This work has studied the spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of highly confined vertex fields in silicon channel waveguides, which are generated by the superposition of TE01 and TE10 modes
There are similar features for the SAM and the intrinsic longitudinal OAM: In high confinement, the space-variant state of polarization (SOP) modes induce a nonzero SAM charge and degrade the topological Pancharatnam charge (TPC)-OAM charge; in the paraxial limit, the pure SOP modes give a zero SAM charge and promise that the total OAM charge is only contributed by the TPC-OAM
Summary
Light possesses a set of dynamical characteristics of energy, momentum, and angular momentum (AM) [1]. The SAM and OAM of light have been well studied for free-space electromagnetic fields, even nonparaxial [12–14] These concepts have entered the light-wave guiding systems (e.g., optical fibers) arising from the important application for information processing [15–17]. The spin-orbit interaction of light in silicon waveguides promises to be a powerful tool available for fabricating integrated optical devices with special functionality such as polarization rotation, directional guiding, chiral sensing, and SAM-to-OAM transformation [29–36]. Compared with the typical weak-guide fibers, the silicon channel waveguides are strongly confined optical structures without cylindrical symmetry. This distinct difference may bring special properties of angular momentum and hold great promise for studying many intriguing phenomena such as the spin-Hall effect of light, extraordinary optical momentum, spin-orbit hybrid entangled states, and quantumoptical analogies [37–42].
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