Abstract
The passivity and chloride-induced depassivation of carbon steel in simulated concrete pore (CP) solution (pH=13.3) was investigated using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After full passivation, the thickness of the oxide film on steel specimens was approximately 5nm. The oxide films close to the steel substrate were mainly composed of protective Fe(II) oxides while near the free surface the film consisted mostly of Fe(III) oxides. The addition of chloride to the CP solution decreased the thickness of the oxide film and changed its stoichiometry such that near the film/substrate interface the Fe(II)/Fe(III) decreased.
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