Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Common Edible Cephalopods and their Antioxidative Effects using differentin vitroModels

Abstract

Antioxidant and antihypertensive potential of ethyl acetate-methanol (EtOAc-MeOH) extract of cephalopods, Amphioctopus marginatus, Uroteuthis duvaucelii, Sepia pharaonis, Sepiella inermis and Cistopus indicus were evaluated using different in vitro systems. EtOAc-MeOH fractions of S. inermis, A. marinates and C. indicus showed greater ferrous ion chelating ability (IC90 5.01–5.8 mg/mL), and were effective in neutralizing the ABTS (IC90 3.5–4.01 mg/mL), and DPPH radicals (IC90 4.69–5.8 mg/mL). The utilities of deconvolated 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy for analyzing the signature peaks and abundance of bioactive functional groups in the extracts of cephalopods were illustrated. The EtOAc-MeOH extract derived from S. inermis showed greater angiotensin-converting enzyme-I (ACE-I) inhibitory activity (IC90 0.45 mg/mL) than other cephalopods (IC90 > 0.50 mg/mL). A significant colinearity was found between the electronegative groups present in the downfield position of NMR spectra vis-à-vis antioxidative and ACE-inhibitory activities of EtOAc-MeOH extracts from C. indicus and S. inermis. Practical Applications The edible cephalopod species are largely accessible in the coastal areas of India and exhibited a number of potential bioactivities against various diseases caused by free radical formation that can cause oxidative stress. This study revealed the bioactive potential of cephalopods, particularly Sepiella inermis, Amphioctopus marginatus and Cystopus indicus as potential angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The utilities of nuclear magnetic resonance-based spectroscopic tools for analyzing the relative abundance of the functional groups, which were responsible for bioactivities present in the ethyl acetate-methanol extracts of cephalopod species have been illustrated. The results from the present study will be helpful to develop new generation leads as nutraceuticals from the cephalopod species and in combating oxidative stress induced hypertensive disorders.