Angiotensin II induces vascular dysfunction without exacerbating blood pressure elevation in a mouse model of menopause-associated hypertension

Abstract

Follitropin-receptor knockout (FORKO) mice are estrogen-deficient, hyperandrogenic and exhibit features of menopause and elevated blood pressure (BP). Because the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in menopause-associated hypertension, we questioned whether angiotensin II (Ang II) challenge would further increase BP in FORKO mice and whether this is associated with cardiovascular remodeling and inflammation. Ang II (400 ng/kg per min) increased BP, assessed by radiotelemetry, similarly in female FORKO and wild-type (WT) mice. Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was attenuated and Ang II-induced contraction was enhanced in FORKO mice (P < 0.05). This was associated with increased expression of vascular Ang type 1 receptors (AT1R) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). Vascular structure (media/lumen ratio) was similar in both groups. Abundance of gp91, nitrotyrosine formation and superoxide production, indices of inflammation and cardiac collagen content were increased in Ang II-treated FORKO compared to Ang II-treated WT mice (P < 0.05). Thus, in FORKO mice Ang II exacerbates endothelial dysfunction, augments contractility, increases oxidative stress, and promotes cardiac fibrosis without worsening vascular remodeling or BP elevation compared to Ang II-treated WT controls. Our findings suggest that in FORKO mice Ang II may be more important in influencing vascular tone and endothelial function, possibly through oxidative stress and altered ERalpha signaling, than in arterial remodeling and BP elevation.