Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Their Efficacy, Adverse Effects, and the Genetic Influence on Cough They May Cause

Abstract

Hypertension is a major health condition that increases the risk of a number of other diseases, including renal failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) are part of most of the protocols being used to manage hypertension and various other conditions, including congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Despite the fact that these therapies are well tolerated, one out of every five individuals discontinues them due to adverse medication reactions, the most prevalent of which is a persistent dry cough. Heritability accounts for 30% to 50% of inter-individual variation in blood pressure. However, the genetic variation connected to ACE-I-induced cough remains contentious and requires additional investigation. Genetic variation may affect the incidence of ACE-I-related cough. This article examines the efficacy of ACE-I, their adverse effects, and pharmacogenetic studies on ACE inhibitors induced cough.