Angioleiomyoma of The Oral Cavity: Case Report

Abstract

Leiomyomas are benign neoplasms originating from smooth muscles that rarely affect oral tissues. Woman, 34, was referred to the Oral Diagnosis Center of Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo for evaluation of an asymptomatic submucous nodule discovered during a dental visit. Intraoral examination revealed a well-demarcated nodule located on the left buccal mucosa measuring 2 cm. Punch biopsy showed a bloody component. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the histological aspects revealed proliferating spindle and oval-shaped cells with elongated, pale staining, blunt-ended nuclei. Multiple blood vessels with thickened walls were also seen. The neoplastic cells were strongly positive for smooth muscle actin. Both histological and immunohistochemical features were consistent with angioleiomyoma. After 17 months of follow-up, no recurrence was observed. Leiomyomas affecting oral cavity are almost exclusively related to the endothelium. Immunohistochemical studies are helpful in the differential diagnosis between neurofibroma, schwannoma, fibromatosis, and myofibroma.