Abstract
Angiography is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure in endovascular interventions. Training interventional procedures is a big challenge, due to the complexity of the procedures with the changes of measurement and visualization in blood flow rate, volume, and image contrast. In this paper, we present a novel virtual reality-based 3D interactive training platform for angiography procedure training. We propose a multi-fluid flow approach with a novel corresponding non-slip boundary condition to simulate the effect of diffusion between the blood and contrast media. A novel syringe device tool is also designed as an add-on hardware to the 3D software simulation system to model haptics through real physical interactions to enhance the realism of the simulation-based training. Experimental results show that the system can simulate realistic blood flow in complex blood vessel structures. The results are validated by visual comparisons between real angiography images and simulations. By combining the proposed software and hardware, our system is applicable and scalable to many interventional radiology procedures. Finally, we have tested the system with clinicians to assess its efficacy for virtual reality-based medical training.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases are the number-one cause of death in the developed world
In Experiment 2, we show angiography simulation results under various injection volumes and injection velocities of the contrast media in complex cardiac blood vessels, and compared with a real angiography image sequence
We present several key technology innovations in developing an angiography simulator for medical training and planning
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases are the number-one cause of death in the developed world. Endovascular intervention is a modern treatment to the condition with advantages of limited hemorrhage, minimal wound, faster recovery, and fewer complications compared with traditional open surgery [1]. We present a new 3D interactive angiography training and simulation framework by extending the previous system [10] to target the enhancement of simulation realism with innovations on both software and hardware aspects. This integrated approach can, realistically simulate angiography processes with a new multi-phase fluid flow modelling approach but can greatly improve the hand-eye coordinations and the physical interactions of the medical procedure via an innovative hardware device
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