Angiogenic cytokines: IL-6, sIL-6R, TNF-α, sVCAM-1, and PDGF-AB in multiple myeloma patients depending on the stage of the disease

Abstract

Aims: Angiogenesis plays an important role for growth, progression and metastasis of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). therefore, the aim of the study was the evaluation of concentrations of chosen angiogenic cytokines: interleukin 6 (IL-6), its soluble receptor (sIL6R), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVcAM-1), and platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) in patient with newly diagnosed MM depending on the stage of the disease and as compared to the control group. Methods: the study group consisted of newly diagnosed MM patients prior to treatment and categorized depending on the Durie and salmon staging system. the controls Joanna Kaminska1, Olga M. Koper1, Violetta DymickaPiekarska2, Elzbieta Motybel3, Janusz Kloczko4, Halina Kemona5 Affiliation: 1PhD, Researcher, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; 2Associate Professor, Researcher, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; 3MS, Researcher, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; 4Head of the Department, Department of Hematology, Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland; 5Head of the Department, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. Corresponding Author: Joanna Kaminska, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; Tel/Fax: + 48 857468584, Mob: 508 739 863; Email: joanna.kaminska@umb.edu.pl Received: 29 January 2015 Accepted: 11 March 2015 Published: 15 June 2015 consisted of healthy subjects. Angiogenic cytokines were determined with the use of ELIsA method. results: serum concentrations of all angiogenic cytokines analyzed were significantly higher in the whole study group as compared to the controls. Moreover, concentrations of all proteins tested significantly increasing with the stage of MM. Additionally, all cytokines tested positively correlated with the percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow. the areas under the rOc curves (AUcs) for all cytokines analyzed were significantly higher than AUc=0.500. conclusion: concentrations of angiogenic cytokines analyzed were significantly higher in MM patients as compared to the healthy subjects. Additionally, the concentrations of proteins tested were significantly increasing with the stage of the disease. since the progression of MM proceeds at the same time as angiogenesis it allowed us to hypothesize that cytokines analyzed take part in bone marrow neovascularization. the areas under rOc curves analysis may indicate that these cytokines have potential clinical significance in MM.