Aneugenic 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) in sprouts of Triticumaestivum cultivars – A ‘safety health food’?

Abstract

The concentrations of the benzoxazinoids (BAs), 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) were determined in four selected Triticum aestivum cultivars. The impact of the cultivation period on the overall concentrations in the cultivars was determined by HPLC. Furthermore, the distribution of the two BAs was analysed in aerial and subterranean parts of the seedlings after different time periods. The highest levels were detected after 3 days. Subsequently, the levels of DIMBOA declined in all cultivars (reduction between 84% and 93%), while DIBOA was not detectable after 7 days. The distribution between aerial parts and roots varied substantially in the different cultivars. In addition, DIMBOA amounts, expressed in per cent, as well as in mg per seedling, were determined in one selected cultivar during the entire time course for better understanding of eventual dilution effects during plant growth. Our findings indicate that the consumption (up to several 100 g) of fresh sprouts (as suggested by suppliers) may already lead to exposure levels of up to 470 mg DIMBO and 190 mg of DIBOA per 100 g each. The potential adverse health effects of these doses are discussed.