Abstract
Perinatal exposure to nicotine imbalances the redox status in newborns. This study investigated the effect of Anethum graveolens (dill) extract on oxidative stress and tissue injury in the liver and kidney of mice newborns exposed to nicotine perinatally. Pregnant mice received nicotine (0.25 mg/kg) on gestational day 12 to day 5 after birth and/or A. graveolens extract on gestational day 1 to day 15 after birth. Newborn mice exposed to nicotine showed multiple histopathological alterations in the kidney and liver, including inflammatory cell infiltration and degenerative changes. Nicotine exposure increased hepatic and renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (p < 0.001), and decreased antioxidant defenses (p < 0.001). A. graveolens supplementation significantly prevented liver and kidney injury, suppressed ROS generation (p < 0.001), lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001) and inflammatory response (p < 0.001), and enhanced antioxidant defenses. In addition, A. graveolens upregulated hepatic and renal Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and increased HO-1 activity in normal and nicotine-exposed mice. In conclusion, A. graveolens protects against perinatal nicotine-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and tissue injury in the liver and kidney of newborn mice. A. graveolens upregulated hepatic and renal Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and enhanced antioxidant defenses in mice.
Highlights
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 compounds, including aldehydes, carbon monoxide, nicotine and other compounds that cause perinatal damage [1,2]
A. graveolens Prevents Liver and Kidney Injury in Mice Newborns Exposed to Nicotine
The results revealed a significant upregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in the liver (Figure 6A,C,E, respectively) and kidney
Summary
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 compounds, including aldehydes, carbon monoxide, nicotine and other compounds that cause perinatal damage [1,2]. Nicotine is a chiral alkaloid accumulates in the leaves of tobacco and represents ~0.6%–3.0% of the dry weight [5]. It is metabolized within the liver and can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) where it induces malformations [6]. The use of new delivery systems as well as non-combustible products containing nicotine for recreational purposes and as replacement therapies for smoking cessation has recently increased [7]. Owing to the increased use of nicotine-delivery systems, concerns regarding the impact of nicotine on the health during all stages of development have risen [7]
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