Abstract
An anesthetic protocol was optimized for microinjection-related handling of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii; Acipenseriformes) prolarvae, an extant primitive fish species commonly grown in aquaculture. Comparative examinations of three selected anesthetics (clove oil, lidocaine, and MS-222) with a dosage regime of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L indicated that MS-222 was the most efficient agent for Siberian sturgeon prolarvae, as evidenced by the fast induction of anesthesia with quick and uniform recovery. Meanwhile, clove oil should be avoided, due to prolonged recovery times varying widely between individuals. None of the tested anesthetics significantly affected prolarval viability at any of the dosage regimes tested in this study. Based on an analysis of the duration of an unconscious state in air, we recommend a dose of 200 mg/L MS-222 for microinjection. Recovery time after use of this dose was influenced by the prolarval age and the development of gills, in which prolarvae older than 3 days after hatching required longer recovery times than did younger prolarvae. Post-recovery behavioral assessment showed no apparent difference between MS-222-anesthetized and non-anesthetized prolarvae in their swimming behavior and phototactic responses. Applicability of currently developed anesthetic protocol using MS-222 in larval microinjection was demonstrated with the injection of a visible dye to the anesthetized prolarvae, followed by the analysis of post-recovery viability. Taken together, the present anesthetic protocol based on 200 mg/L of MS-222 could provide researchers with practical usefulness with good safety margins for the micromanipulation and other related handlings of Siberian sturgeon prolarvae.
Highlights
Anesthesia is generally defined as a reversible state resulting in unconsciousness and loss of sensation against external and internal stimulation, through the depression of the central nervous system
Interindividual variation in recovery time was significantly smaller in MS-222-anesthetized larvae, compared to those anesthetized with clove oil or lidocaine (Experiment A)
Results from this study are in broad agreement with previous studies showing that MS-222 in an ideal anesthetic agent in fishes when rapid anesthesia and quick recovery are important [22]
Summary
Anesthesia is generally defined as a reversible state resulting in unconsciousness and loss of sensation against external and internal stimulation, through the depression of the central nervous system. This state may be followed by different levels of analgesia and muscle relaxation [1, 2]. Efficacy of anesthetic agents should potentially be influenced by a number of biotic factors, including. Anesthetic protocol for Siberian sturgeon prolarvae with MS-222 species, size, age, sex, and maturity, as well as abiotic factors such as temperature, water parameter, and salinity [1, 4]. Since no anesthetic agent is effective in all scenarios, the choice of anesthetic and dosage regimes should be determined based on experiment with each target species [2]
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