Anesthetic potential of the essential oils of Lippia alba and Lippia origanoides in Tambaqui juveniles

Hugo Napoleão Pereira Da Silva,Bernardo Baldisserotto,Rosa Helena Veras Mourão,Alexssandro Geferson Becker,Lenise Vargas Flores Da Silva,Janna Laely Dos Santos Maia,Berta Maria Heinzmann,Brenna Celina Ferreira De Carvalho

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20181059

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the anesthetic effect of the essential oils (EOs) of Lippia alba (citral and linalool chemotypes, EOLA-C and EOLA-L respectively) and Lippia origanoides (chemotype carvacrol, EOLO-Ca) on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. The tested concentrations of the L. alba and L. origanoides EOs were: 25, 50, 100, and 200 μL/L. Time required to reach the stages of sedation, deep anesthesia, and recovery, as well as ventilatory frequency, were monitored for each EO concentration. The results indicated that all EO concentrations tested induced tambaqui anesthesia and that the ventilatory frequency was altered by the EOs. L. origanoides showed the shortest time to induce sedation and anesthesia, but had long recovery times. L. alba EO (citral 100 μL/L and linalool 200 μL/L) can be used to efficiently anaesthetise tambaqui juveniles with an efficient recovery.

Highlights

The plants Lippia alba and Lippia origanoides (Verbenaceae) are widely reported in South America (HENNEBELLE et al, 2008; STASHENKO et al, 2010) and have several chemotypes (JULIÃO et al, 2003; STASHENKO et al, 2010; SOARES et al, 2017)
Fish exposed to EOLA-C showed higher ventilatory frequency (VF) values at 200 μL/L than those exposed to 50 μL/L during the sedation stage
The VF was significantly lower in fish anesthetized with EOLA-L at 100 μL/L than in those anesthetized with 25 μL/L

Summary

Introduction

The plants Lippia alba and Lippia origanoides (Verbenaceae) are widely reported in South America (HENNEBELLE et al, 2008; STASHENKO et al, 2010) and have several chemotypes (JULIÃO et al, 2003; STASHENKO et al, 2010; SOARES et al, 2017). V.49, n.6, Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is a freshwater fish reported in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins (SANTOS et al, 2009). It has been used as a Neotropical model to test the efficacy of anaesthetics obtained from plants (SACCOL et al, 2017; SILVA et al, 2017; BALDISSEROTTO et al, 2018; BATISTA et al, 2018). Ventilatory frequency, which might provide an indication of changes in the metabolic rate (ALVARENGA & VOLPATO, 1995), was not tested in tambaqui anesthetized with these EOs. the present study aimed to investigate the effects of EOLA-C, EOLA-L, and EOLO-Ca on the anesthesia of tambaqui juveniles, as well as on the ventilatory frequency of sedated and anesthetized fish

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion