Abstract
The main objective of this study was to provide anesthetic criteria of clove oil for an effective manipulation and transportation of red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. When anesthesia temperature (20, 24, and 28 °C) and concentration of clove oil (25, 50, and 75 ppm) were increased, the anesthesia and recovery time decreased and tended to be similar to each other between juvenile and adult. Also, as the temperature and concentration increased, the ratio of exposure time and recovery time between juvenile and adult were decreased. When plasma cortisol concentrations were compared for 48 h after anesthesia with 50 ppm of clove oil, both the juvenile and adult fish grew up to 12 h; however, thereafter decreased and there was no significant difference from control at 48 h.
Highlights
Anesthesia is generally used to attenuating stress caused by artificial handling, transportation, tagging, and injection because it lowers the metabolic rate due to sedative effect during the delicate handling period (Schreck 1982; Summerfelt and Smith 1990)
Despite the positive effects of anesthesia, inappropriate application of anesthetics may lead to unintended results
This study focused on various temperatures, two stages, and different doses/concentrations of clove oil
Summary
Anesthesia is generally used to attenuating stress caused by artificial handling, transportation, tagging, and injection because it lowers the metabolic rate due to sedative effect during the delicate handling period (Schreck 1982; Summerfelt and Smith 1990). Handling and transporting fish in a container and transport car is stressful to fish They can lead to physiological stress, physical injury, and death (Marking and Meyer 1985). Effective anesthesia can alleviate plasma glucose and cortisol (Mommsen et al 1999) and immobilize fish during manipulation. Despite the positive effects of anesthesia, inappropriate application of anesthetics may lead to unintended results. It might have adverse effects such as creating more stress, eliciting negative metabolic responses, and even leading to death
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