Anesthesia management of bronchial asthma in Cesarean Section: A literature review

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic condition that is becoming more common around the world. Asthma has been demonstrated to affect pregnancy in several studies. Because the severity of asthma might fluctuate throughout pregnancy, it is important to know what kind of asthma medicine to take and how much to take. Increased perinatal mortality, stunted fetal growth, early birth, increased cesarean section, low birth weight, and postpartum hemorrhage are all concerns that uncontrolled asthma can cause in infants. The overall course of asthma has been observed to improve, deteriorate, or remain the same throughout pregnancy. Although previous research suggests that patients with more severe asthma are more likely to worsen their condition during pregnancy, other studies have found that asthma severity during pregnancy is comparable to asthma severity a year before pregnancy, as long as the patient takes their prescribed medications. Anxiety is a known asthma trigger; if necessary, it should be handled perioperatively. Spirometry and deep breathing should be encouraged to avoid atelectasis. Theophylline is generally contraindicated in asthmatic patients undergoing surgery, and it should be halted perioperatively if possible. Because the degree of anesthetic is reduced, tracheal extubation, while the patient is awake, reduces the risk of aspiration, but the tracheal tube can stimulate reflexes and cause bronchospasm. Bronchodilators may be used if bronchospasm occurs at the onset. Continued mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit may be required for refractory bronchospasm.