Anestesia em paciente com Xeroderma Pigmentoso: relato de caso

Abstract

Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a rare, autosomal recessive disease characterized by the premature development of neoplasias due to an exacerbated hypersensitivity to UV radiation. These manifestations are due to DNA excision and repair mechanism damage. As compared to normal individuals, these patients have a 1000-fold increased risk for developing neoplasias on sun-exposed areas. This report aimed at describing the anesthetic management of a patient with Xeroderma Pigmentosum submitted to ophthalmologic surgery. Female patient, 7 years of age, with Xeroderma Pigmentosum and extensive facial involvement, submitted to right eye papillomatous lesion excision. Patient was premedicated with 10 mg oral midazolam. Initial monitoring consisted of cardioscope, pulse oximetry, precordial stethoscope and noninvasive blood pressure. Patient was preoxygenated with 100% oxygen for 3 minutes and inhalational anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane under mask in incremental concentrations up to 7%. Peripheral venous access was achieved with a 22G catheter followed by intravenous 50 mg propofol and 20 mg succinylcholine and tracheal intubation with a 5.5 mm uncuffed tracheal tube. A guide wire was used to help tracheal tube introduction. Anesthesia was maintained with 3,5% sevoflurane and 100% oxygen with Bain's Circuit. Patient was extubated in the operating room and was sent to the post-anesthetic care unit in good conditions. Facial and oropharyngeal changes caused by this pathology have imposed many difficulties for facial mask adaptation and tracheal intubation. Patient and relatives continuous education are the most important Xeroderma Pigmentosum management objective.