Anemia prevalence and factors associated among pregnant women in India

Abstract

The objective of this review is to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and factors associated with Anemia among pregnant women in India. A search was conducted through electronic databases PubMed, google scholar and l Medline, non-electronic databases were also search for articles published between 2017 to 2021. PRISMA guided the reporting of items. All articles were included in qualitative analysis. A total of nine (9) studies (N=7,29,485) conducted among pregnant women in India were included in this review. The overall prevalence of anemia ranged from 23.16% to 81.8%, mild anemia reported in three studies ranged from 35.0% to 60.6%, moderate anemia from 8.0% to 49.5% and severe anemia ranged from 1.4% to 6.9% only. Education status of both wife and husband, maternal age, occupation, income, residence, dietary habits, parity, child spacing, attendance of ANC services and interventions nutrition programs were the main factors associated with the hemoglobin status of the pregnant women. The prevalence of anemia was high among the study participants. Sociodemographic factors were associated with Hb levels of the women. Efforts should be made to encourage women to attend antenatal services (ANC) and nutritional programs should also cover pregnant women.