Anemia in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma administered preoperative radiochemotherapy: Association with pathological response to treatment and clinical outcome

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anemia at presentation (basal HB) and during treatment (nadir HB) as predictor of pathological response, as well as disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in LACC patients undergoing chemoradiation followed by radical surgery. Methods. 114 consecutive LACC patients were accrued at the Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Catholic University, Rome and at the Department of Oncology, Catholic University of Campobasso, Italy. Neoadjuvant treatment included chemotherapy with cisplatin (20 mg/m 2) and 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m 2, 24-h infusion) (both on days 1–4 and 27–30) and external radiotherapy to the whole pelvic region (22 fractions, 1.8 Gy/day, totaling 39.6 Gy). Clinical responders underwent radical surgery. Hemoglobin levels were recorded and expressed in gram per liter × 10 − 2 (g/dl). The value of 10 g/dl was arbitrarily chosen as cut-off value. Results. In cases showing high basal HB status, the percentage of pathological response was significantly higher than in patients showing low HB status (76.3% versus 46.7%) ( P value = 0.027). When logistic regression was applied, only advanced stage remained associated with a poor chance of response to treatment. Cases with low basal HB status had a shorter DFS and OS than cases with a high HB status ( P value = 0.0001 and 0.0022, respectively). Similar results were obtained when analyzing nadir HB status. In multivariate analysis, high basal HB status, and advanced stage, retained an independent negative prognostic role for DFS and OS. Conclusions. Anemia identifies LACC patients administered preoperative radiochemotherapy, who are at higher risk of recurrence and death of disease.