Abstract
IntroductionThe bone marrow failure syndromes are a heterogeneous group of clinical disorders pathophysiologically different and characterized by failure in normal hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. ClasificationThey are classified in: congenital (Fanconi anemia and Blackfand-Diamond anemia) or acquired, affecting selectively blood cell lineages (erythroblastopenia, leucopenia or thrombocytopenia) or impairing the hematopoiesis globally. The risk of morbidity and death is significant due to their progressive natural history, the risk of clonal evolution and complications of suboptimal therapy. It is not surprising that these conditions overlap in their presentation making undistinguishable in the early stages. Bone marrow failure syndromesIn this chapter, aplastic anemia (AA), the most representative bone marrow failure syndrome, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), will be described. Both are bone marrow failure syndromes but are clinical and pathophysiologically different. Clinically, AA overlaps with PNH in one patient, and PNH can evolve from a AA.
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