Abstract
The manifestation of sexual polymorphism in the sweet woodruff Galium odoratum was studied in the Moscow region during 2021–2023. The plant is a common perennial herbaceous, long-rhizome, polycarpic sciophyte. We find that at low illumination (less than 15% of total sunlight) only perfect flowers are formed. With increasing illumination (to up to 60% of full sunlight in clear weather), both perfect and staminate flowers are formed on individual plants. The perfect flowers of G. odoratum are complete, actinomorphic, tetracyclic, and heteromeric. In contrast, in staminate flowers the gynoecium is reduced, but its rudiments are preserved in the form of sterile stigmas and very short stylodia. Perfect flowers are significantly larger than staminate ones. The inflorescence in G. odoratum is a panicle-shaped monotelic, heterocladial, conjunctive thyrsus. Staminate flowers in andromonoecious individuals are located only on shoots of order IV, and their proportion varies from 12% to 30%. We finally discuss the possible reasons for the manifestation of andromonoecy in flowering plants under the influence of various environmental factors.
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